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Climate of 2005 - June in Historical Perspective


National Climatic Data Center
14 July 2005
Global Analysis / Global Hazards / United States / U.S. Drought / Extremes
Use these links to access detailed analyses of Global and U.S. data.

Global Highlights:

  • Based on preliminary data, global averaged combined land and sea surface temperature for June 2005 was 2nd warmest on record.
  • June temperatures were above average over Alaska, the U.S. Great Lakes region, most of Canada and western Europe. Colder-than-average conditions occurred primarily in the northwestern U.S., western Australia, southern Argentina and parts of Mexico.
  • Precipitation during June was above average over the eastern U.S., the Caribbean and western Europe, with drier than average conditions over much of Asia, the majority of Australia and Alaska.
  • Neutral ENSO conditions continued during June.

Contents of this Section:
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The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.
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Top of Page Introduction

Temperature anomalies for June 2005 are shown on the two maps below. The dot map on the left uses anomalies that were calculated from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set of land surface stations using a 1961-1990 base period. The map on the right is a weekly product based on data from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) of SST data. During June, there were above average temperatures over much of the eastern half of the U.S., Alaska, Canada, southern Brazil, western Europe, eastern Australia, southeastern Asia, India, Siberia and Japan. Cooler than average temperatures were observed over the U.S. Rocky Mountains, eastern Australia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, parts of the Caribbean and Scandinavia.

Current month's Temperature Dot map
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End of month weekly SST map
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Above average SSTs are evident in the product above. Much warmer than average anomalies occurred over the northern Atlantic, the northern Pacific, particularly off the coast of Alaska as well as the over the Mediterranean Sea. Slightly warmer than average temperatures were observed over the eastern and central Pacific, indicating a continuation of neutral ENSO conditions. Cooler than average SSTs were observed off the coasts of Ecuador and Peru and the western tropical coast of Africa.

The mean position of upper level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure (depicted by positive and negative 500 millibar height anomalies on the June 2005 map) are generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively. For other Global products see the Climate Monitoring Global Products page.

Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2005 at the weekly SST page

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Top of Page Temperature Rankings and Graphics

Current Month / Year-to-date
June Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean 		+1.06°C (+1.91°F)
+0.41°C (+0.74°F)
+0.60°C (+1.08°F)		 warmest
2nd warmest
2nd warmest		 2nd - 2003 (+0.96°C/1.73°F)
1998 (+0.47°C/0.85°F)
1998 (+0.62°C/1.12°F)
Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean 		+1.13°C (+2.03°F)
+0.51°C (+0.92°F)
+0.75°C (+1.35°F) 		warmest
warmest
warmest 		2nd - 2002 (+1.06°C/1.91°F)
2nd - 1998 (+0.50°C/0.90°F)
2nd - 1998 (+0.71°C/1.28°F)
Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean 		+0.60°C (+1.08°F)
+0.36°C (+0.65°F)
+0.40°C (+0.72°F) 		4th warmest
7th warmest
5th warmest		 1883 (+1.15°C/2.07°F)
2002 (+0.48°C/0.86°F)
1998 (+0.48°C/0.86°F)

Global Land and Ocean Triad plot
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Global Hemisphere Triad plot
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January-June Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean 		+0.95°C (+1.71°F)
+0.43°C (+0.77°F)
+0.58°C (+1.04°F)		 3rd warmest
2nd warmest
3rd warmest		 2002 (+1.19°C/2.17°F)
1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F)
1998 (+0.69°C/1.24°F)
Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean 		+0.94°C (+1.70°F)
+0.48°C (+0.86°F)
+0.66°C (+1.19°F) 		5th warmest
2nd warmest
3rd warmest 		2002 (+1.34°C/2.41°F)
1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F)
1998 (+0.78°C/1.40°F)
Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean 		+0.78°C (+1.40°F)
+0.41°C (+0.74°F)
+0.48°C (+0.86°F) 		2nd warmest
5th warmest
4th warmest		 1998 (+0.84°C/1.51°F)
1998 (+0.53°C/0.95°F)
1998 (+0.59°C/1.06°F)

Global Land and Ocean Triad plot
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Global Hemisphere Triad plot
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The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

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Top of Page Precipitation

The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN data set of land surface stations using a base period of 1961-1990. During June 2005, above average precipitation fell over the U.S. northern Great Plains, the southeastern U.S., the Caribbean, Colombia, southern Chile and Argentina, southeastern Asia and the majority of Australia. Below average precipitation was observed over the U.S. southern Great Plains, northern Mexico, much of Europe, India and Japan.

Precipitation Dot map in Millimeters
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Percent Precipitation Dot map
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Top of Page ENSO SST Analysis




Last week of the month's ENSO condtions Map
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  • SSTs remained near average to slightly above average in the eastern equatorial Pacific during June, indicative of ENSO neutral conditions (shown in the adjacent animation of weekly sea surface temperature anomalies). A comprehensive summary of June 2005 ENSO conditions can be found on the ENSO monitoring page. For the latest advisory on ENSO conditions go to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the CPC ENSO Diagnostic Discussion

  • Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2005 at the weekly SST page

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Top of Page Troposphere

Current Month
The table below summarizes mid-tropospheric conditions for June 2005. These temperatures are for the atmospheric layer centered in the mid-troposphere (approximately 2-6 miles above the Earth's surface) which also includes a portion of the lower stratosphere. (The MSU channel used to measure mid-tropospheric temperatures receives about 25 percent of its signal above 6 miles).

Analysis of the satellite record that began in 1979 indicates that global temperatures are increasing in the mid-troposphere, but the magnitude of the trend differs based on the analysis methods used in adjusting for factors such as orbital decay and inter-satellite differences.

Fu et al. (2004) (University of Washington {UW}), developed a method for quantifying the stratospheric contribution to the satellite record of tropospheric temperatures and applied an adjustment to the UAH and RSS temperature record that attempts to remove the satellite contribution (cooling influence) from the middle troposphere record. This method results in trends that are larger than the those from the respective source.

The UAH and the UW-UAH adjusted data both indicate that June 2005 was the 6th warmest June. The RSS data and the UW-RSS adjusted data indicate that June 2005 was 5th and 4th warmest, respectively, since records began in 1979.


June Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record Trend
UAH mid-trop +0.11°C/0.20°F 6th warmest 1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F) +0.04°C/decade
*RSS mid-trop +0.22°C/0.40°F 5th warmest 1998 (+0.58°C/1.04°F) +0.12°C/decade
UW-UAH mid-trop +0.20°C/0.36°F 6th warmest 1998 (+0.64°C/1.15°F) +0.09°C/decade
UW-*RSS mid-trop +0.30°C/0.54°F 4th warmest 1998 (+0.70°C/1.26°F) +0.17°C/decade
*Version 02_1
UAH mid-trop image
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RSS mid-trop image
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UW-UAH mid-trop image
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UW-RSS mid-trop image
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Mid-tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature data are collected by NOAA's TIROS-N polar-orbiting satellites and adjusted for time-dependent biases by NASA and the Global Hydrology and Climate Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). An independent analysis is also performed by Remote Sensing Systems(RSS) and the University of Washington.

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Top of Page Stratosphere

Current Month
The table below summarizes stratospheric conditions for June 2005. The stratosphere is located between 10-14 miles above the Earth's surface. Over the last decade, stratospheric temperatures have been below average in large part due to the depletion of ozone. The large increase in temperature in 1982 was caused by the volcanic eruption of El Chichon in Mexico, and the increase in 1991 was a result of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines. Therefore the base period used is 1984-1990 which was chosen to avoid contamination by these eruptions.


June Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
UAH stratosphere -0.66°C (-1.19°F) 3rd coolest 1982 (+0.84°C/1.51°F)
*RSS stratosphere -0.48°C (-0.86°F) 4th coolest 1982 (+0.77°C/1.39°F)
UW-UAH stratosphere -0.67°C (-1.21°F) 3rd coolest 1982 (+0.84°C/1.51°F)
UW-*RSS stratosphere -0.42°C (-0.76°F) 4th coolest 1982 (+0.83°C/1.50°F)
*Version 02_1
UAH lower-strat image
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RSS lower-strat image
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UW-UAH lower-strat image
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UW-RSS lower-strat image
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Mid-tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature data are collected by NOAA's TIROS-N polar-orbiting satellites and adjusted for time-dependent biases by NASA and the Global Hydrology and Climate Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). An independent analysis is also performed by Remote Sensing Systems(RSS) and the University of Washington.

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For additional details on precipitation and temperatures in June, see the Global Hazards page .
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Top of Page References

Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.
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